Neuromuscular scoliosis

Scoliosis arising as a secondary consequence of an underlying neuromuscular disorder, reported here without specification of the spinal region involved.

Neuromuscular scoliosis localized to the occipito-atlanto-axial region — lateral spinal curvature at the junction of the skull base, atlas (C1), and axis (C2), driven by an underlying neuromuscular disorder.

Lateral spinal curvature of the cervical spine that originates from an underlying neuromuscular disorder — such as cerebral palsy, Friedreich's ataxia, or poliomyelitis — rather than from an idiopathic or congenital bony cause.

Lateral spinal curvature at the cervicothoracic junction (C7–T1 region) caused by an underlying neuromuscular disorder such as cerebral palsy, Friedreich's ataxia, or poliomyelitis.

Neuromuscular scoliosis localized to the thoracic spine, arising secondary to an underlying neurological or muscular disorder such as cerebral palsy, Friedreich's ataxia, or poliomyelitis.

Lateral spinal curvature driven by an underlying neuromuscular disorder — such as cerebral palsy, Friedreich's ataxia, or poliomyelitis — localized to the thoracolumbar junction (T10–L2 region).

Lateral spinal curvature in the lumbar region that develops as a direct consequence of an underlying neuromuscular disorder, such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida.

Lateral spinal curvature originating from neuromuscular pathology, localized to the lumbosacral region of the spine.